Monday, 21 September 2015

Features of spontaneous sppech

phatic expressions
commonly known as 'small talk'; establishes and maintains social relationships

non-fluency features

a range of features that interrupt the flow of speech

fillers

words and expressions that have little meaning that are inserted into speech

hesitations

filled pauses, such as 'um' and 'er'

pauses

can be silent or filled; can be a non-fluency feature or intentional

false starts

changing a grammatical construction or pronunciation 'mid-stream

overlapping speech

two people talking at the same time during a conversation

colloquialisms

informal or conversational expressions

slang

highly informal language that often consists of made-up words or conventional words used in new ways.

contractions

the combination of two words into one by eliminating one or more sounds and indicating the omission with an apostrophe

paralinguistic features (list)

facial expressions, body gestures, body language, eye
gaze

elision

the omission of a sound or syllable when speaking

hedge

words that avoid directness and attempt to lessen a negative effect

tag questions

questions attached to the end of statements

adjacency pairs

a related pair of utterances by two speakers one after the other, always found together

feedback

verbal and nonverbal responses to a message

vocal effects

Sounds such as sighing, yawning, huffing, laughing, humming

code switching

Changing from one mode of speech to another as the situation demands, whether from one language to another or from one dialect of a language to another


Address
  • Affective features
  • Agenda
  • Adjacency pairs
  • Adverbials
  • Back-channelling
  • Backtracking
  • Closing conversation
  • Co-operative signals
  • Deictics
  • Disagreement
  • Facilitating mechanisms
  • Feedback
  • Fillers
  • Foregrounding
  • High considerateness/high involvement speakers
  • Humour
  • Implicatures (implication)
  • Introducing new topics
  • Metamessages
  • Monitoring talk
  • Opening conversation: request, question, offer
  • Overlap (co-operative)
  • Pauses
  • Rapport talk/report talk
  • Relevance
  • Repetition
  • Simultaneous speech
  • Tag questions
  • Turn-taking
  • Types of conversation: child/adult, gender related, power related (e.g. doctor-patient)
  • Uncompleted sentences
  • Utterance types: statement (declarative); question (interrogative); command (imperative); exclamation



    • INFORMATION TAKEN FROM-https://quizlet.com/10838149/features-of-spontaneous-speech-flash-cards/ &http://www.teachit.co.uk/armoore/lang/speech.htm
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